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Cultured Diamonds: Can A Natural Process Be Duplicated?

by David_Faulkner

Due to the unaffordable prices that real diamonds command,
scientists have tirelessly formulated ways on how to duplicate
the diamond formation process. The results are known as
artificial, lab-created, or "cultured" diamonds. They are
composed of the same 3D carbon crystal which occurs in natural
diamonds and may essentially have the same properties.

In some cases, cultured diamonds can even have properties
superior to real diamonds, such as being purer or harder.

One of those who first studied the manufacture of cultured
diamonds was Ferdinand Moissan. In the late 19th century, he
experimented with subjecting charcoal to temperatures of up to
4000 �C to try to duplicate the formation of a diamond.

Other scientists, such as Ruff, who has allegedly reproduced
diamonds, and Sir William Crookes, who laid claims to a
successful reproduction in the early 20th century, published
their works which were eventually studied by Dr. Willard
Hershey.

Dr. Hershey pored over their experiments and came up with a
cultured diamond of his own, in 1926. This "diamond" is now on
display at the McPherson Museum.

Using cultured diamonds for industrial processes

Howard Tracy Hall, during his stint as a GE employee, embarked
on a project that would make use of a reproducible and verifiable
procedure in making cultured diamonds. He was already able to
heat carbon at up to 3000 �C, with a pressure of half a million
psi, but the Second World War broke out and experiments had to be
stopped.

After this attempt, many other scientists followed suit,
although GE was still the first to produce cultured diamond
crystals with gem-like quality.
Technologies used in the manufacture of cultured diamonds

Basically, two major procedures are being utilized in the
production of cultured diamonds � these are the application of
high pressure combined with high heat, and a procedure known as
chemical vapor deposition.

The former is affordable and uses temperatures of up to 1,500
degrees Celsius. The latter process, on the other hand, involves
applying gases and carbon to a substrate such as silicon and puts
out generally flat cultured diamonds.

Cultured diamonds are especially important in the cutting
industry. As diamonds are used for the tips of drilling bits
because they are the most durable material for the job, it is
thus very important to develop a technique which could
manufacture cultured diamonds for this purpose.

A cut such as the round brilliant cut will have a standard
number of facets. This technique, known to bring out as much
brilliance from a white diamond as possible, was developed by gem
expert Marcel Tolkowsky. He gave mathematical measurements for
the ideal round brilliant cut, and the further a white diamond�s
characteristics are from what Tolkowsky defined, the less
brilliant the stone becomes.

The last criterion in the selection of white diamonds is carat.
This refers to the weight of the stone. Generally, the larger the
gem, the higher the cost. But you, as a buyer, should be aware
that this is not always the case. Due to the premium given to
engagement stones weighing certain milestone carats, such as 1.0,
2.0, or 3.0, a 1-carat white diamond may have less sparkle than a
diamond of a lesser carat rating because of a poor cut.

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